Efetividade da terapia Reiki para ansiedade pré-operatória na cirurgia cardíaca: ensaio clínico randomizado / Efectividad de la terapia de reiki para ansiedad preoperatoria en cirugía cardíaca: ensayo clínico aleatorizado / Effectiveness of Reiki therapy for preoperative anxiety in cardiac surgery: a randomized clinical trial

Resumo Objetivo Avaliar a efetividade de um protocolo de Reiki nos níveis de ansiedade no período pré-operatório de cirurgia cardíaca. Métodos Ensaio clínico controlado e randomizado realizado em um hospital universitário de referência em cardiologia entre junho e dezembro de 2021. Foi realizada randomização em bloco e alocação por sorteio com envelopes selados opacos em dois grupos: Controle (n=44; não submetido a intervenção) e Intervenção (n=44; submetido a duas sessões de Reiki três dias antes e na véspera da cirurgia). Os desfechos principais (ansiedade, bem-estar e tensão muscular) foram avaliados ao longo das sessões usando um modelo de efeitos mistos. Para avaliar o tamanho do efeito foram calculados os valores parciais de eta quadrado (η2p). Resultados Foram determinadas as diferenças nos escores de ansiedade (+2,7 pontos a mais para o controle), bem-estar (-0,78) e tensão muscular (1,27), sendo consideradas estatisticamente significativas (p<0,001). Na análise do tamanho do efeito, o experimento distinguiu melhor a variação na variável ansiedade (η2p=0,74) que nas outras duas variáveis (η2p=0,14; η2p=0,23). Conclusão O estudo oferece evidência favorável para efetividade do Reiki no controle da ansiedade pré-operatória de cirurgia cardíaca.

Resumen Objetivo Evaluar la efectividad de un protocolo de reiki en los niveles de ansiedad en el período preoperatorio de cirugías cardíacas. Métodos Ensayo clínico controlado y aleatorizado, realizado en un hospital universitario de referencia en cardiología entre junio y diciembre de 2021. La aleatorización se realizó por bloques y la asignación por sorteo con sobres cerrados opacos en dos grupos: Control (n=44, sin intervención) y Experimental (n=44, sometidos a dos sesiones de reiki, una tres días antes y otra en la víspera de la cirugía). Los criterios de valoración principales (ansiedad, bienestar y tensión muscular) fueron evaluados a lo largo de las sesiones, mediante un modelo de efectos mixtos. Para evaluar el tamaño del efecto se calcularon los valores parciales de eta cuadrado (η2p). Resultados Se observaron diferencias en la puntuación de ansiedad (+2,7 puntos más en el grupo de control), bienestar (-0,78) y tensión muscular (1,27), consideradas estadísticamente significativas (p<0,001). En el análisis del tamaño del efecto, el estudio percibió mejor la variación en la variable ansiedad (η2p=0,74) que en las otras dos variables (η2p=0,14; η2p=0,23). Cirugía El estudio ofrece evidencias favorables para la efectividad del reiki en el control de la ansiedad preoperatoria de cirugías cardíacas. Registro Brasileiro de Ensaios Clínicos: RBR-2nhgvn6

Abstract Objective To assess the effectiveness of a Reiki protocol on anxiety levels in the preoperative period of cardiac surgery. Methods This is a controlled and randomized clinical trial carried out in a university reference hospital in cardiology between June and December 2021. Chunk randomization and allocation by draw with opaque sealed envelopes were carried out in two groups: Control (n=44; not subjected to intervention); and Intervention (n=44; submitted to two Reiki sessions three days before and the day before surgery). The main outcomes (anxiety, well-being and muscle tension) were assessed across sessions using a mixed effects model. To assess the effect size, partial eta squared (η2p) values were calculated. Results Differences in anxiety scores (+2.7 points more than the control), well-being (-0.78) and muscle tension (1.27) were determined, being considered statistically significant (p<0.001). In analyzing the effect size, the experiment better distinguished the variation in the anxiety variable (η2p=0.74) than in the other two variables (η2p=0.14; η2p=0.23). Conclusion The study offers favorable evidence for the effectiveness of Reiki in controlling preoperative anxiety after cardiac surgery. Brazilian Clinical Trials Registry: RBR-2nhgvn6

Analysis of muscle mass by computed tomography in patients with head and neck cancer: a prospective study / Análise da massa muscular por tomografia computadorizada em pacientes com câncer de cabeça e pescoço: um estudo prospectivo

Abstract Objective: To evaluate the preoperative muscle mass of patients with head and neck cancer (HNC) with computed tomography (CT), comparing the results obtained through analysis of cross-sectional areas at the level of the third lumbar vertebra (L3) with those obtained through analysis of cross-sectional areas at the levels of the third cervical and fourth thoracic vertebrae (C3 and T4, respectively). Materials and Methods: A total of 63 patients with HNC were evaluated preoperatively. Using CT, we assessed muscle mass at L3, as well as at C3 and T4. Results: Most (73.0%) of the patients had low muscle mass at L3, whereas 50.8% had a normal body mass index. The cross-sectional area at L3 correlated strongly with those at C3 and T4 (r = 0.831 and r = 0.763, respectively; p < 0.001 for both). In addition, the muscle mass index at L3 correlated strongly with those at C3 and T4 (r = 0.781 and r = 0.715, respectively; p < 0.001 for both). Conclusion: Low muscle mass appears to be highly prevalent in patients with HNC. Measurements at C3 and T4 could represent alternative means of assessing muscle mass in such patients.

Resumo Objetivo: Avaliar e comparar a massa muscular de pacientes com câncer de cabeça e pescoço (CCP) durante o período pré-operatório com tomografia computadorizada (TC), por meio da análise das áreas transversais no nível da terceira vértebra lombar (L3) em comparação com níveis cervical (C3) e torácico (T4). Materiais e Métodos: Sessenta e três pacientes com CCP foram avaliados no pré-operatório. A TC foi utilizada para avaliar a massa muscular de L3, assim como as secções transversais de C3 e T4. Resultados: A maioria dos pacientes (73,0%) tinha baixa massa muscular analisada pela TC de L3, mas índice de massa corpórea normal (50,8%). Também foi observada forte correlação entre as áreas e o índice de massa muscular (IMM) de L3 com C3 (área: r = 0,831, p < 0,001; IMM: r = 0,781, p < 0,001) e T4 (área: r = 0,763, p < 0,001; IMM: r = 0,715, p < 0,001). Conclusão: A baixa massa muscular é altamente prevalente em pacientes com CCP. As análises de TC em C3 e T4 podem representar opção para avaliar a massa muscular em pacientes com CCP.

Protótipo de aplicativo para a educação do paciente antes da revascularização miocárdica / Application prototype for patient education before coronary artery bypass graft surgery / Application prototype for patient education before coronary artery bypass graft surgery / Prototipo de aplicación para la educación de pacientes antes de la revascularización miocárdica

Resumo Objetivo Analisar o conteúdo e usabilidade de um protótipo de aplicativo móvel para apoiar a educação do paciente no pré-operatório de revascularização miocárdica. Métodos Estudo metodológico, quantitativo, baseado no referencial design instrucional contextualizado. Na etapa de análise realizou-se revisão de escopo e um estudo qualitativo com 13 pacientes com a finalidade de identificar o conteúdo para compor o aplicativo. Na etapa de design e desenvolvimento estruturou-se o conteúdo. Durante a implementação, procedeu-se a configuração dos recursos e, na avaliação, utilizou-se a técnica Delphi, com a avaliação do conteúdo a partir dos critérios de Pasquali e a usabilidade do aplicativo por meio do ERGOLIST por 20 juízes na primeira rodada e 16 na segunda. Usou-se, para análise, o coeficiente de validade de conteúdo, considerado válido acima de 0,8 e o percentual de concordância igual ou superior a 80%. Realizou-se o teste binomial em cada item para determinar o nível de significância (p<0,05). Resultados A análise do conteúdo resultou em um coeficiente de validade de conteúdo superior a 0,8 e percentual de concordância superior a 80% em todos os critérios analisados. Já a usabilidade, apresentou percentual superior a 90% em todos os itens. Todos os itens analisados apresentaram significância estatística. O aplicativo OrientaRVM foi composto por 90 telas que formam o menu inicial e nove seções: entenda mais sobre o coração; entenda a sua doença; entenda a cirurgia de ponte de safena ou ponte mamária; cuidados antes da cirurgia; cuidados após a cirurgia; reabilitação e mudanças no estilo de vida; registros do paciente; agenda; quiz. Conclusão O OrientaRVM apresenta conteúdo confiável, funcionalidade adequada e foi recomendado para ser utilizado como recurso auxiliar na educação do paciente antes da revascularização miocárdica.

Resumen Objetivo Analizar el contenido y la usabilidad de un prototipo de aplicación móvil para apoyar la educación de pacientes en el preoperatorio de revascularización miocárdica. Métodos Estudio metodológico, cuantitativo, basado en el marco referencial de diseño instruccional contextualizado. En la etapa de análisis se realizó la revisión de alcance y un estudio cualitativo con 13 pacientes con la finalidad de identificar el contenido para componer la aplicación. En la etapa de diseño y desarrollo se estructuró el contenido. Durante la implementación se realizó la configuración de los recursos y, en la evaluación, se utilizó el método Delphi, con la evaluación del contenido a partir de los criterios de Pasquali y la usabilidad de la aplicación por medio de ERGOLIST por 20 jueces en la primera ronda y 16 en la segunda. Para el análisis se usó el coeficiente de validez de contenido, considerado válido superior a 0,8 y el porcentaje de concordancia igual o superior al 80 %. Se realizó la prueba binominal en cada ítem para determinar el nivel de significación (p<0,05). Resultados El análisis del contenido dio como resultado un coeficiente de validez de contenido superior a 0,8 y porcentaje de concordancia superior al 80 % en todos los criterios analizados. Por otro lado, la usabilidad presentó un porcentaje superior al 90 % en todos los ítems. Todos los ítems analizados presentaron significación estadística. La aplicación OrientaRVM estuvo compuesta por 90 pantallas que forman el menú inicial y nueve secciones: entienda más sobre el corazón; entienda su enfermedad; entienda la cirugía de bypass coronario o puente mamario; cuidados antes de la cirugía; cuidados después de la cirugía; rehabilitación y cambios en el estilo de vida; registros del paciente; agenda; quiz. Conclusión OrientaRVM presenta contenido confiable, funcionalidad adecuada y fue recomendado para su uso como recurso auxiliar en la educación del paciente antes de la revascularización miocárdica.

Abstract Objective To analyze the content and usability of a mobile application prototype to support patient education in the preoperative period of myocardial revascularization. Methods This is a quantitative methodological study based on the contextualized instructional design framework. In the analysis stage, a scoping review and a qualitative study were carried out with 13 patients to identify the content to compose the application. In the design and development stage, content was structured. In the implementation stage, resources were configured. In the assessment stage, the Delphi technique was used, with content assessment from the Pasquali criteria and application usability through the ERGOLIST by 20 judges in the first round and 16 in the second. For analysis, the Content Validity Coefficient was used, considered valid above 0.8 and the percentage of agreement equal to or greater than 80%. The binomial test was performed on each item to determine the significance level (p<0.05). Results Content analysis resulted in a Content Validity Coefficient greater than 0.8 and a percentage of agreement greater than 80% in all analyzed criteria. Usability, on the other hand, presented a percentage greater than 90% in all items. All items analyzed were statistically significant. The OrientaRVM application was composed of 90 screens that form the initial menu and nine sections: understand more about the heart; understand your illness; understand coronary artery bypass graft surgery or breast bypass surgery; care before surgery; care after surgery; rehabilitation and lifestyle changes; patient records; schedule; quiz. Conclusion OrientaRVM presents reliable content, adequate functionality and was recommended to be used as an auxiliary resource in patient education before myocardial revascularization.

Clinical results of combined penetrating keratoplasty and vitreoretinal surgery / Resultados clínicos da combinação de ceratoplastia penetrante e cirurgia vitreorretiniana

ABSTRACT Purpose: The study aimed to assess the anatomical and functional success rates of penetrating keratoplasty with temporary keratoprosthesis-assisted vitreoretinal surgery. Methods: This retrospective study included 15 eyes of 14 patients, recording demographic characteristics, pre-operative anterior and posterior segment pathologies, intraoperative complications, postoperative graft status, retinal attachment, and complications and evaluating anatomical and functional success rates. Results: The mean follow-up period was 29.8 ± 19.1(6-60) months. The most common pre-operative corneal pathology was graft abscess (7 eyes [46.7%]), and the most common diagnosis of the posterior segment was endophthalmitis (7 eyes [46.7%]). Five (33.3%) cases had visual acuity between 0.001-0.08. Pre-operative endophthalmitis was diagnosed in all five cases with anatomical failure.Conclusion: Temporary keratoprosthesis-assisted vitreoretinal surgery with penetrating keratoplasty is an effective method to treat acute/subacute pathologies of the concomitant anterior and posterior segment. However, results may vary on a case-by-case basis. Pre-operative endophthalmitis is a poor prognostic factor for long-term success.

RESUMO Objetivo: Avaliar as taxas de sucesso anatômico e funcional da ceratoplastia penetrante associada à cirurgia vitreorretiniana assistida por ceratoprótese temporária. Métodos: Foram incluídos neste estudo retrospectivo 15 olhos de 14 pacientes. Registraram-se as características demográficas, as patologias pré-operatórias dos segmentos anteriores e posteriores, as complicações perioperatórias, a condição pós-operatória do implante e a fixação e as complicações da retina. Foram avaliadas as taxas de sucesso anatômico e funcional. Resultados: O período médio de acompanhamento foi de 29,8 ± 19,1(6-60) meses. A patologia corneana pós-operatória mais comum foi o abscesso do implante (7 olhos, 46,7%) e o diagnóstico mais comum no segmento posterior foi a endoftalmite (7 olhos, 46,7%). Cinco casos (33,3%) mostraram acuidade visual entre 0,001 e 0,08. Foi diagnosticada endoftalmite pré-operatória em todos os 5 casos com insucesso anatômico. Conclusão: A cirurgia vitreorretiniana assistida por ceratoprótese temporária associada à ceratoplastia penetrante é um método eficaz de tratamento de patologias agudas e subagudas concomitantes nos segmentos anterior e posterior. Porém, os resultados podem variar de caso a caso. A endoftalmite pré-operatória é um fator de pior prognóstico de sucesso de longo prazo.

Baros protocol in a university hospital: what is the importance in the postoperative results of bariatric surgery? / Protocolo baros em hospital universitário: qual a importância nos resultados pós-operatórios de cirurgia bariátrica?

ABSTRACT BACKGROUND: Although bariatric surgery is highly effective for the treatment of obesity and its comorbidities, preoperative weight loss has an impact on its results. AIMS: The aim of this study was to correlate preoperative weight loss with the outcome of bariatric surgery using the Bariatric Analysis and Reporting Outcome System scores. METHODS: This is a cross-sectional, observational study with 43 patients undergoing bariatric surgery that compared a group of 25 patients with a percentage of preoperative excess weight loss ³8% with a group of 18 patients with a percentage of preoperative excess weight loss <8% or with weight gain. The research took place at the bariatric surgery outpatient clinic of the Oswaldo Cruz University Hospital with patients 1 year after the surgery. RESULTS: Patients had a mean age of 40.8 years (42.7 percentage of preoperative excess weight loss ≥8% vs. 38.2 percentage of preoperative excess weight loss <8%, p=0.095). No significant difference was found between the two groups regarding preoperative comorbidities and body mass index at entry into the program. Higher preoperative body mass index (48.69 vs. 44.0; p=0.029) was observed in the group with percentage of preoperative excess weight loss <8%. No significant difference was found regarding the percentage of excess weight loss (71.4±15.4%; percentage of preoperative excess weight loss ≥8% vs. 69.47%±14.5 percentage of preoperative excess weight loss <8%; p=0.671), the result of the surgery according to the Bariatric Analysis and Reporting Outcome System scores protocol, the resolution of comorbidities, the quality of life, and the surgical complications between the two groups. CONCLUSIONS: Based on the available data, it is reasonable that bariatric surgery should not be denied to people who have not achieved pre-established weight loss before surgery.

RESUMO RACIONAL: Apesar da cirurgia bariátrica ser altamente eficaz para o tratamento da obesidade e suas comorbidades, ainda não está bem estabelecido o impacto da perda de peso pré-operatória em seus resultados. OBJETIVOS: Correlacionar a perda de peso pré-operatória com o resultado da cirurgia bariátrica pelos escores do método Bariatric Analysis and Reportig Outcome System. MÉTODOS: Estudo observacional transversal com 43 pacientes submetidos a cirurgia bariátrica que comparou um grupo de 25 pacientes com percentual de perda do excesso de peso pré-operatória igual ou maior a 8% com um grupo de 18 pacientes com percentual de perda do excesso de peso pré-operatória menor a 8% ou com ganho de peso. A pesquisa ocorreu no ambulatório de Cirurgia Bariátrica do Hospital Universitário Oswaldo Cruz com pacientes após um ano da cirurgia. RESULTADOS: Os pacientes tinham uma média de idade de 40,8 anos (42,7 percentual de perda do excesso de peso pré-operatória ≥8% vs 38,2 percentual de perda do excesso de peso pré-operatória <8%, p=0.095). Não foram encontradas diferenças significativas entre os dois grupos em relação às comorbidades pré-operatórias e o IMC na entrada do programa. Foi observado maior IMC pré-operatório (48,69 vs 44,0; p=0,029) no grupo com percentual de perda do excesso de peso pré-operatória <8%. Não foram encontradas diferenças significativas em relação ao percentual de perda do excesso de peso (71,4±15,4%; percentual de perda do excesso de peso pré-operatória ≥8% vs 69,47±14,5% percentual de perda do excesso de peso pré-operatória <8%, p=0,671), ao resultado da cirurgia pelo protocolo Bariatric Analysis and Reportig Outcome System, a resolução das comorbidades, a qualidade de vida e as complicações cirúrgicas entre os dois grupos. CONCLUSÕES: Com base nos dados disponíveis é condizente que a cirurgia bariátrica não seja negada a pessoas que não atingiram uma perda de peso pré-estabelecida antes da cirurgia.

Coping religioso-espiritual de pacientes no período pré-operatório de cirurgia cardíaca / Coping religioso-espiritual de pacientes en el período preoperatorio de cirugía cardíaca / Religious-spiritual coping of patients in the preoperative period of cardiac surgery

Objetivo: avaliar o coping religioso-espiritual em pacientes no período pré-operatório de cirurgia cardíaca. Método: estudo transversal, analítico, no qual foram avaliados 62 pacientes internados no período pré-operatório de cirurgia cardíaca, entre os meses setembro e dezembro de 2020, em dois hospitais de referência em cirurgia cardíaca no Nordeste do Brasil. Resultados: os pacientes apresentaram um alto uso do coping religioso-espiritual total, com predominância para o positivo. Os principais fatores utilizados para o coping religioso-espiritual positivo foram Posição positiva frente a Deus e Afastamento através Deus/Religião/Espiritualidade. Conclusão: os enfermeiros podem considerar e investir em intervenções que favoreçam o coping positivo, visando repercutir melhor experiência do paciente diante de estressores importantes, como a cirurgia cardíaca.

Objetivo: evaluar el coping religioso-espiritual en pacientes en el período preoperatorio de cirugía cardíaca. Método: estudio transversal, analítico, en el cual fueron evaluados 62 pacientes internados en el período preoperatorio de cirugía cardíaca, entre los meses septiembre y diciembre de 2020, en dos hospitales de referencia en cirugía cardíaca en el nordeste de Brasil. Resultados: los pacientes presentaron un alto uso del coping religioso-espiritual total, con predominio para el positivo. Los principales factores utilizados para el coping religioso-espiritual positivo fueron Posición positiva frente a Dios y Alejamiento a través de Dios/Religión/Espiritualidad. Conclusión: los enfermeros pueden considerar e invertir en intervenciones que favorezcan el afrontamiento positivo, buscando repercutir mejor experiencia del paciente ante estresantes importantes, como la cirugía cardíaca.

Objective: to evaluate the religious-spiritual coping in patients in the preoperative period of cardiac surgery. Method: cross-sectional, analytical study, in which 62 patients hospitalized in the preoperative period of cardiac surgery, between September and December 2020, in two reference hospitals in cardiac surgery in northeastern Brazil, were evaluated. Results: the patients showed a high use of religious-spiritual coping, with predominance for the positive. The main factors used for positive religious-spiritual coping were Positive position towards God and Distancing through God/Religion/Spirituality. Conclusion: nurses can consider and invest in interventions that favor positive coping, aiming to reflect better patient experience in the face of important stressors, such as cardiac surgery.

Ansiedade no período pré-operatório: uma análise bibliométrica / Anxiety in the preoperative period: a bibliometric analysis / Ansiedad en el periodo preoperatorio: un análisis bibliométrico

Objetivo: caracterizar os indicadores bibliométricos da produção científica disponível em periódicos online que abordam a ansiedade no período pré-operatório. Método: Trata-se de uma análise bibliométrica descritiva com abordagem quantitativa de base documental. Para a busca utilizou-se sete bases de dados, com os descritores "ansiedade" e "período pré-operatório". Realizado análise estatística descritiva simples. Resultados: Foram encontrados 10224 artigos e após análises 148 artigos constituíram-se a amostra do estudo. Conclusão: Os indicadores bibliométricos indicam que a produção científica acerca da ansiedade pré-operatória destaca-se no âmbito nacional e internacional, tendo portanto, predomínio as publicações nacionais no idioma inglês, com sistema de produção em coautoria; o Brasil, os EUA e a Turquia foram os países que mais publicaram, sendo a grande maioria no cenário acadêmico das universidades brasileiras. As publicações foram realizadas por diferentes áreas do conhecimento, com destaque para as áreas médica e de enfermagem, o que indica um caráter interdisciplinar acerca da temática.

Objective: to characterize the bibliometric indicators of science available in online journals that address anxiety in the preoperative period. Method: This is a descriptive bibliometric analysis with a document-based quantitative approach. For the search, seven databases were used, with the descriptors "anxiety" and "preoperative period". Simple descriptive statistical analysis. Results: 10224 articles were found and after analysis 148 articles constituted the study sample. Conclusion: The bibliometric indicators indicate that the scientific production about pre-surgical anxiety stands out at the national and international level, having, therefore, domain of national publications in the English language, with a co-authorship production system; Brazil, the USA and Turkey were the countries that published the most, with the vast majority in the academic scenario of Brazilian universities. The publications were carried out by different areas of knowledge, with emphasis on the medical and nursing areas, which indicates an interdisciplinary character regarding the theme.

Objetivo: Caracterizar los indicadores bibliométricos de la producción científica disponible en revistas online que abordan la ansiedad en el periodo preoperato- rio. Método: Se trata de un análisis bibliométrico descriptivo con un enfoque cuantitativo de base documental. Para a busca utilizou-se sete bases de dados, com os descritores "an- siedade" e "período pré-operatório". Se realizó un análisis estadístico descriptivo simple. Resultados: Fueron encontrados 10224 artículos y después del análisis 148 artículos con- stituyeron la muestra del estudio. Conclusión: Los indicadores bibliométricos indican que la producción científica sobre ansiedad preoperatoria se destaca nacional e internacional- mente, con predominio, por lo tanto, de publicaciones nacionales en inglés, con sistema de producción en coautoría; Brasil, EE.UU. y Turquía fueron los países que más publica- ron, y la gran mayoría en el ámbito académico de universidades brasileñas. Las publica- ciones fueron realizadas por diferentes áreas del conocimiento, especialmente las áreas médica y de enfermería, lo que indica un carácter interdisciplinario sobre el tema.

Prevalencia de portación nasal de Staphylococcus aureus sensible y resistente a la meticilina en candidatos a artroplastia total de cadera o rodilla / Prevalence of nasal carriage of methicillin-sensitive and methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus in candidates for total hip or knee arthroplasty

INTRODUCIÓN Las infecciones perioperatorias en cirugía de reemplazo articular son fuente importante de morbimortalidad, así como de altos costos económicos y sociales, tanto para el paciente como para su entorno. La colonización preoperatoria por Staphylococcus aureus ha sido reconocida como un factor de riesgo importante para desarrollar una infección de sitio quirúrgico.El objetivo de este estudio es conocer la prevalencia de portación nasal de S. aureus, tanto sensible a la meticilina (SASM) como resistente a la meticilina (SARM), en pacientes candidatos a cirugía de reemplazo articular de cadera o rodilla. MATERIALES Y MÉTODOS Se realizó un estudio observacional de una cohorte retrospectiva de pacientes con indicación de artroplastia total de cadera (ATC) y rodilla (ATR) electiva por artrosis severa en un hospital público de Chile. Los pacientes fueron sometidos a tamizaje preoperatorio de portación, cultivándose muestras obtenidas mediante hisopado de ambas fosas nasales. Los datos del laboratorio fueron recopilados y presentados como porcentaje de portación de S. aureus. RESULTADOS Se estudiaron 303 pacientes consecutivos de ATC y 343 de ATR. En total, 483 de los 646 pacientes (74,7%) tuvieron estudio preoperatorio de portación nasal. Se identificaron 123 pacientes (25,4%) portadores de S. aureus, de los cuales sólo 2 (0,41%) casos correspondieron a SARM. CONCLUSIÓN La prevalencia de portación nasal de S. aureus obtenida fue de 25%, similar a lo reportado en otras series. La prevalencia de SARM (0.41%), sin embargo, estuvo bajo lo descrito en la literatura internacional (0,6­6%). Sería de utilidad, dada la alta prevalencia de portación descrita en nuestro trabajo y de acuerdo a evidencia publicada recientemente, realizar protocolos de descolonización universales, sin necesidad de realizar tamizaje preoperatorio.

INTRODUCTION Surgical-site infections in joint replacement surgery are an important source of morbidity and mortality that entail high economic and social burden both for the patient and their environment. Preoperative colonization by Staphylococcus aureus has been recognized as an important risk factor for the development of surgical-site infection. The aim of the present study is to determine the prevalence of nasal colonization by S. aureus, both methicillin-sensitive (MSSA) and methicillin-resistant (MRSA) in patients who are candidates for total replacement of the hip or knee joints. MATERIALS AND METHODS A retrospective observational study of a cohort of 646 patients with an indication to undergo total hip arthroplasty (THA) or total knee arthroplasty (TKA) due to severe osteoarthritis was performed in a Public Hospital in Chile. The patients were submitted to a preoperative screening for S. aureus carriage, and the culture samples were obtained by swabbing both nostrils. The laboratory data was collected and presented as a percentage of carriage. RESULTS We consecutively examined 303 THA and 343 TKA patients. A total of 483 of the 646 patients (74.7%) underwent a preoperative study of nasal carriage. We identified 123 (25.4%) S. aureus carriers, and only found 2 (0.41%) cases corresponding to MRSA. CONCLUSION We found a prevalence of nasal carriage of S. aureus of 25.4%, a rate similar to that reported in other series. The prevalence of MRSA (0.41%), however, was lower than that reported in the international literature (0.6­6%). Given the high prevalence of carriage described in our work and according to recently published data, it would be worthwhile to carry out universal decolonization protocols, without the need for preoperative screening.

Estrategia de superación para el desarrollo de habilidades del cirujano general en el preoperatorio mediato / An upgrading strategy for the development of skills in the general surgeon in the mediated preoperative period

Introducción: La superación profesional en cirujanos generales, particularizada en la atención preoperatoria, es una vía para acrecentar la educación permanente o continua, que contribuye a formar hombres de ciencias con determinados valores y actitudes. Objetivo: Diseñar una estrategia de superación para el desarrollo de las habilidades profesionales en la atención preoperatoria mediata que contribuya al mejoramiento del desempeño profesional de los médicos cirujanos generales. Métodos: Se utilizaron como métodos teóricos: análisis-síntesis, histórico-lógico, sistematización, inducción-deducción, modelación, análisis documental, sistémico estructural funcional; y como empírico, la observación científica. Resultados: El diseño de la estrategia respondió al desarrollo de las habilidades profesionales en la atención preoperatoria mediata y se fundamentó desde los referentes filosóficos, sociológicos, psicológicos, epistemológicos, pedagógicos y la educación médica. Se concibió en cuatro etapas y se utilizó el ciclo Deming, que establece relaciones esenciales con coherencia lógica interna a la educación médica, en particular en el área de la formación permanente y continuada de los profesionales de la salud. Conclusiones: El diseño de la estrategia profesional permite el enriquecimiento de las ciencias de la educación médica desde el posgrado como ciencia en construcción, específicamente en el área de la formación permanente y continua de médicos cirujanos generales. Al profundizar desde el plano interno, externo y contextual para el desarrollo de las habilidades profesionales en el preoperatorio mediato, la estrategia propuesta resulta dinámica, lo que permite el mejoramiento del desempeño profesional a partir de la superación(AU)

Introduction: Professional improvement in general surgeons, particularly in preoperative care, is a way to increase permanent or continuous education, which contributes to the creation of men of science with certain values and attitudes. Objective: To design an upgrading strategy for the development of professional skills in preoperative care that contributes to the improvement of professional performance in general surgeons. Methods: As theoretical methods, analysis-synthesis was used, together with the historical-logical method, systematization, induction-deduction, modeling, documentary analysis, and the structural-functional-systemic method; while, at the empirical level, scientific observation was used. Results: The design of the strategy responded to the development of professional skills in preoperative mediated care and was based on philosophical, sociological, psychological, epistemological, pedagogical and medical education referents. It was conceived in four stages and used the Deming cycle, which establishes essential relationships with internal logical coherence to medical education, particularly in the area of permanent and continuous education for health professionals. Conclusions: The design of the professional strategy allows the enrichment of medical education sciences from the postgraduate level as a science under construction, specifically in the area of permanent and continuous training of general surgeons. Insofar it deepens from the internal, external and contextual levels for the development of professional skills in the mediate preoperative period, the proposed strategy is dynamic, allowing for the improvement of professional performance from the point of view of self-upgrading(AU)

Actualidades en valoración preoperatoria y riesgo anestésico: un enfoque práctico para cirugía no cardíaca / Currents in preoperative assessment and anesthetic risk: a practical approach on non cardiac surgery

Resumen: Nuevas herramientas han surgido como modelos predictores de riesgo cardiovascular y pulmonar en valoración preoperatoria y riesgo anestésico. Desde el estudio publicado por Goldman en 1977, han surgido diversas escalas ya validadas, predictoras de complicaciones cardiovasculares como el riesgo cardíaco revisado por Lee y las calculadoras del National Surgical Quality Improvement Program (NSQIP). La valoración de la capacidad funcional es obligatoria, estudios de gabinete como electrocardiograma, radiografía de tórax y, en algunos casos, el uso adecuado de un ecocardiograma, espirometría, entre otros. Las complicaciones pulmonares postoperatorias pueden predecirse basados en el modelo de ARISCAT. En una era en la que las consultas de subespecialistas y el exceso de estudios sólo agregan costo sin mejorar los resultados sustancialmente, los anestesiólogos debemos tomar una responsabilidad clara para la valoración preoperatoria de pacientes quirúrgicos.

Abstract: New tools have emerged as predictive models of cardiovascular and pulmonary risk, in preoperative assessment and anesthetic risk. Since the study published by Goldman in 1977, several scales have already been validated, predictors of cardiovascular complications such as the cardiac risk reviewed by Lee and the National Surgical Quality Improvement Program (NSQIP) calculators. The assessment of functional capacity is mandatory, extension studies such as electrocardiogram, chest radiography, and in some cases, the proper use of an echocardiogram, spirometry, among others. Postoperative pulmonary complications can be predicted based on the ARISCAT model. In an era in which subspecialist consultations and overstudies only add cost without substantially improving results, anesthesiologists must take a clear responsibility for the preoperative assessment of surgical patients.

Elective surgery after Covid-19: A narrative review of the literature / Cirugía electiva posterior a enfermedad por COVID-19: revisión narrativa de la literatura

Abstract By November 2021, at the time of preparing this article, the disease caused by the new coronavirus (Coronavirus Disease 2019 - COVID-19), declared as a pandemic by the World Health Organization (WHO) on March 11, 2020, had affected more than 128 million people and claimed upwards of 5 million lives. Many of the patients who suffered from this disease will need elective procedures, and this will require knowledge on how to perform the surgery, what tests to order and the extent of preoperative optimization. The objective of this work was to conduct a narrative review of the current evidence regarding time to the performance of an elective procedure in a patient who suffered from COVID-19, the preoperative tests that need to be ordered, and the degree of clinical optimization required according to the complexity of the surgery and individual patient clinical condition. A search was conducted in the Pubmed/Medline, Science Direct, OVID and SciELO databases, as well as in the World Health Organization (WHO) and the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) web-based platforms. Although the evidence is still limited, different scientific societies have issued relevant guidelines pertaining to the timing of an elective procedure after COVID-19 infection. For patients who were asymptomatic, the time is 4 weeks after the initial diagnosis of SARS-CoV-2, whereas for symptomatic patients with a mild to moderate course, the time is at least 7 weeks, and 12 weeks if ICU admission was required. There are no guidelines pertaining to preoperative tests or the degree of clinical optimization, although institutional protocols have been developed based on expert consensus on the topic.

Resumen La enfermedad por el nuevo coronavirus COVID-19 (Coronavirus Disease 2019) declarada pandemia por la Organización Mundial de la Salud (OMS) el 11 de marzo de 2020, ha registrado más de 128 millones de casos a escala mundial, con más de cinco millones de muertes a noviembre de 2021, fecha de elaboración de este artículo. Muchos de los pacientes que tuvieron esta enfermedad se someterán a procedimientos electivos, y es necesario saber realizar la cirugía, los exámenes por solicitar y el grado de optimización preoperatoria. El objetivo de este trabajo es elaborar una revisión narrativa de la evidencia actual respecto al tiempo de realización de un procedimiento electivo en un paciente que tuvo COVID-19, los exámenes preoperatorios que se deben solicitar y el grado de optimización clínica según la complejidad de la cirugía y el estado clínico del paciente. Para ello, se realizó una búsqueda en bases de datos (Pubmed/Medline, Science Direct, OVID, SciELO), así como en plataformas web de la Organización Mundial de la Salud (OMS) y los Centers for Diseases Control and Prevention (CDC). Aunque la evidencia aún es limitada, diferentes sociedades científicas han dado pautas relevantes respecto al tiempo de realización de un procedimiento electivo despues de sufrir COVID-19. Para el caso de pacientes que fueron asintomáticos es de 4 semanas después del diagnóstico de infección por SARS-CoV-2, mientras que para pacientes sintomáticos con un curso de la enfermedad leve a moderado es de mínimo 7 semanas, y de 12 semanas si requirió ingreso a cuidados intensivos. No hay guías que orienten en cuanto a la solicitud de exámenes preoperatorios y el grado de optimización clínica, pero sí protocolos institucionales basados en consenso de expertos que abordan esta temática.

Facoemulsificación en pacientes con uveítis / Phacoemulsification in Patients with Uveitis

Objetivo: Describir el comportamiento de la cirugía de catarata mediante la técnica de facoemulsificación en pacientes con uveítis. Métodos: Se realizó un estudio descriptivo longitudinal prospectivo. La muestra la constituyeron todos los pacientes con uveítis sometidos a cirugía de catarata mediante la técnica de facoemulsificación, atendidos en el Instituto Cubano de Oftalmología "Ramón Pando Ferrer" en el período de septiembre 2018 a septiembre 2019. Resultados: El grupo etario que predominó corresponde a la séptima década de la vida, el sexo se comportó de forma equitativa, prevaleció el color de la piel blanca. Predominaron las cataratas secundarias a uveítis de etiologías no infecciosas y el glaucoma secundario fue la enfermedad ocular asociada más frecuente. Un preoperatorio adecuado influyó en la mejoría de los resultados visuales y en el control adecuado de la respuesta inflamatoria, un transoperatorio óptimo minimizó las complicaciones, redundando en menos inflamación y mejores resultados visuales, y un control adecuado de la respuesta inflamatoria durante el posoperatorio evitó que se perpetuaran o aparecieran complicaciones que incidieran en los resultados finales. Conclusiones: En la cirugía de catarata mediante la técnica de facoemulsificación existe una estrecha relación entre la preparación perioperatoria y los resultados finales(AU)

Objective: To describe the performance of cataract surgery using the phacoemulsification technique in patients with uveitis. Methods: A prospective longitudinal descriptive study was performed. The sample consisted of all patients with uveitis who underwent cataract surgery using the phacoemulsification technique, treated at the Cuban Institute of Ophthalmology "Ramón Pando Ferrer" in the period from September 2018 to September 2019. Results: The predominant age group corresponds to the seventh decade of life, gender behaved equally, white skin color prevailed. Cataracts secondary to uveitis of non-infectious etiologies predominated and secondary glaucoma was the most frequent associated ocular disease. An adequate preoperative period influenced the improvement of visual results and the adequate control of the inflammatory response, an optimal transoperative period minimized complications, resulting in less inflammation and better visual results, and an adequate control of the inflammatory response during the postoperative period prevented the perpetuation or appearance of complications that affected the final results. Conclusions: In cataract surgery using the phacoemulsification technique there is a close relationship between perioperative preparation and final results(AU)

Aplicación de modelos 3D en cirugía hepática / Implementation of three-dimensional printed models in hepatic surgery

RESUMEN La impresión de modelos tridimensionales (M3D) implica obtener una estructura sólida y formada a partir de un modelo digital. Para la reconstrucción 3D se utilizó tomografía computarizada contrastada, realizándose impresión de modelos sobre la base de las principales estructuras anatómicas hepáticas. Se utilizaron M3D en dos pacientes con indicación quirúrgica, una mujer con trombocitopenia familiar y metástasis hepática de adenocarcinoma rectal, sin respuesta a quimioterapia, y un hombre con hepatopatía infecciosa crónica y diagnóstico de carcinoma hepatocelular. La aplicación de M3D resultó de gran utilidad, pues permitió un mejor entendimiento de la relación espacial de las estructuras anatómicas en ambos casos. En nuestra experiencia, la aplicación de M3D fue muy útil para planificar la cirugía y dar una aproximación más certera de los reparos anatómicos. El modelo se obtuvo en 7 días y costó 380 dólares, un valor elevado para nuestro medio.

ABSTRACT Three-dimensional (3D) printing is the construction of a solid structure from a digital model. 3D reconstruction was performed using contrast-enhanced computed tomography scan, and 3D-printed models were built based on the main anatomic structures of the liver. 3D-printed models were used in two patients with indication of surgery; one woman with inherited thrombocytopenia and liver metastases from colorectal adenocarcinoma with no response to chemotherapy, and one man with chronic liver infection and hepatocellular carcinoma. The implementation of 3D printing technology was very useful, as it facilitated the understanding of the spatial relationships among the anatomical structures in both cases. In our experience, the use of 3D-printed models was very useful for preoperative planning and for understanding the anatomic landmarks. The model was built in 7 days, with a cost of 380 dollars which is elevated in our environment.

Reducing Blood Transfusions in Primary Total Hip Replacement Patients: Effectiveness of Near-patient Testing and a Dedicated Preoperative Anemia Clinic / Reduzindo as transfusões de sangue em pacientes com artroplastia total primária do quadril: A eficácia dos testes rápidos de Hb e uma clínica especializada em anemia pré-operatória

Abstract Objective Preoperative anemia in orthopedic patients is associated with higher allogeneic blood transfusion rates and poorer outcomes. Up to 25% of the patients listed for major orthopedic surgery have some degree of anemia. Good perioperative patient blood management is essential to reduce the sequelae of anemia and the need for transfusions. We assessed the efficacy of rapid near-patient testing in conjunction with a dedicated preoperative anemia clinic for screening and treating primary total hip replacement (THR) patients for anemia. Methods A comparison of overall allogeneic blood transfusion rates was made for patients undergoing primary total hip replacement before and after the implementation of near-patient testing and of a dedicated preoperative anemia clinic over 1 year. A comparison was also performed between anemic patients who were referred to the clinic with those who were not referred. Preoperative hemoglobin levels, allogeneic blood transfusion rates and clinic treatment for 1,095 patients were reviewed. Results There was a significant decrease in transfusion rates in patients undergoing primary THR from 10.0 to 6.2% (p< 0.05; χ2 test) after the implementation of near-patient testing and of a dedicated preoperative anemia clinic pathway. The allogeneic blood transfusion rate for anemic patients who were treated in the clinic was 6.7% compared with 26.9% for patients who were anemic preoperatively but were not treated in the clinic (p< 0.05; Fisher exact test). On average, treatment in the pathway increased the hemoglobin of the patients by 20 g/L, from 104 g/L to 124 g/L (p< 0.001). Conclusions Near-patient testing, in conjunction with a dedicated preoperative anemia clinic, reduces perioperative allogenic blood transfusion requirements for patients undergoing primary THR by providing rapid identification and effective treatment of preoperative anemia.

Resumo Objetivo A anemia pré-operatória em pacientes ortopédicos, está associada a maiores taxas de transfusão de sangue alogênico, resultando em desfechos mais desfavoráveis. Até 25% dos pacientes encaminhados para cirurgia ortopédica de grande porte, apresentam algum grau de anemia. O controle adequado do sangue do paciente no perioperatório é essencial, a fim de reduzir as sequelas da anemia e a necessidade de transfusões. Avaliamos a eficácia do teste rápido, em conjunto com uma clínica especializada no tratamento da anemia pré-operatória, com o objetivo de detectar e tratar a anemia dos pacientes a serem submetidos a artroplastia total primária do quadril. Métodos A comparação das taxas totais de transfusão de sangue alogênico, foi realizada em pacientes submetidos a artroplastia total primária do quadril, antes e depois da implementação dos testes rápidos e da clínica especializada no tratamento da anemia pré-operatória ao longo de um ano. Também foi feita uma comparação entre os pacientes com anemia, que foram encaminhados para a clínica, com aqueles que não foram encaminhados. Foram revisados os níveis de hemoglobina pré-operatória, as taxas de transfusão de sangue alogênico e o tratamento clínico em 1.095 pacientes. Resultados Houve uma redução significativa nas taxas de transfusão, em pacientes submetidos à ATQ primária, caindo de 10,0% para 6,2% (p <0,05, teste χ2), após a implementação do teste rápido e da clínica especializada em anemia pré-operatória. A taxa de transfusão de sangue alogênico para pacientes anêmicos tratados na clínica foi de 6,7%, em comparação com 26,9% para pacientes anêmicos no pré-operatório, que não foram tratados na clínica (p <0,05, teste exato de Fisher). Em média, o tratamento na clínica aumentou a taxa de hemoglobina dos pacientes em 20 g/L, passando de 104 g/L para 124 g/L p <0,001. Conclusões O teste rápido, juntamente com a clínica especializada no tratamento da anemia pré-operatória, reduziu a necessidade de transfusão de sangue alogênico perioperatório, em pacientes submetidos a artroplastia total primária do quadril, proporcionando uma identificação rápida e um tratamento eficaz da anemia pré-operatória.

Resultados funcionales de un programa de prehabilitación en cirugía electiva de cáncer colorrectal / Functional results of a prehabilitation program in elective colorectal cancer surgery

Resumen Introducción: El cáncer colorrectal (CCR) es el segundo tipo más frecuente de cáncer en el mundo. La cirugía es la intervención terapéutica más común y se asocia con la reducción de 20-40% en la capacidad fisiológica y funcional. Un programa de prehabilitación podría mejorar la condición funcional basal de los pacientes previo a la cirugía. Objetivo: Describir los resultados funcionales de un programa de prehabilitación en personas adultas candidatos a cirugía electiva de CCR. Materiales y Método: Estudio descriptivo, longitudinal y retrospectivo. Se registraron los antecedentes sociodemográficos, clínicos y las variables funcionales como capacidad cardiorrespiratoria, fuerza de presión manual, fatiga, independencia en actividades de la vida diaria (AVDs) y equilibrio dinámico de 50 personas que ingresaron a un programa de prehabilitación entre mayo 2019 y febrero de 2020. Los datos fueron analizados con estadística descriptiva y pruebas de diferencia entre tiempo de evaluación, previo y posterior a la prehabilitación. Resultados: Posterior al programa de prehabilitación, los pacientes mejoraron la capacidad cardiorrespiratoria, fatiga, equilibrio dinámico y fuerza prensil (p 0,05; tamaño de efecto: 0,01). Conclusión: Un programa estructurado de prehabilitación para pacientes candidatos a cirugía electiva de CCR basado en ejercicios y educación, logró cambios significativos en los resultados funcionales en un período de 3 a 4 semanas previo a la cirugía.

Introduction: Colorectal cancer (CRC) is the second most frequent type of cancer in the world. Surgery is the most common therapeutic intervention and is associated with a 20-40% reduction in physiological and functional capacity. A prehabilitation program could improve the baseline functional condition of patients prior to surgery. Aim: To describe the functional results of a prehabilitation program in adults who will undergo elective surgery CCR. Materials and Method: Descriptive, longitudinal and retrospective study. The sociodemographic, clinical and functional variables such as cardiorespiratory capacity, manual pressure force, fatigue, independence in activities of daily living and dynamic balance of 50 people who entered a pre-rehabilitation program between may 2019 and february 2020 were compiled. Data were analyzed with descriptive statistics and difference tests between evaluation time, before and after prehabilitation. Results: After the prehabilitation program, the patients improved cardiorespiratory capacity, fatigue, dynamic balance and grip strength (p 0.05; effect size: 0.01). Conclusión: A structured prehabilitation program for patients who are candidates for elective colorectal cancer surgery based on exercises and education, achieved significant changes in functional results in a period of 3 to 4 weeks prior to surgery.

Interacción enfermera-paciente para el éxito del proceso quirúrgico / Nurse-Patient Interaction in View of a Successful Surgical Process

Introducción: La interacción enfermera-paciente durante el período preoperatorio permite el afronte intraoperatorio y posoperatorio, pero no se hace por desidia o por sobrecarga laboral. Objetivo: Describir las reflexiones en torno a la interacción enfermera-paciente durante el período preoperatorio en un hospital público. Métodos: Investigación cualitativa descriptiva, realizada en el Hospital Belén en Lambayeque, Perú, durante abril y mayo del 2020. La población fueron 20 enfermeras experimentadas en atención preoperatoria. Se realizó muestreo no probabilístico, por técnica de bola de nieve que saturó con ocho enfermeras. Los datos se recolectaron con entrevista semiestructurada por llamada telefónica, y fueron procesadas mediante análisis de contenido. Resultados: Tres categorías: a) Elementos indispensables en la interacción: empatía y comunicación terapéutica, b) Interacción para valorar y cuidar de la dimensión emocional, espiritual y física del paciente en el preoperatorio, c) Beneficios de la interacción para la recuperación en el posoperatorio basados en la educación al paciente y su familia. Conclusiones: La interacción enfermera-paciente se inicia a través de la empatía que siente la enfermera y la confianza que genera en el paciente, lo que favorece la comunicación terapéutica, esencial para valorar y cuidar de las necesidades emocionales, espirituales y físicas previa a la intervención quirúrgica. Asimismo, la educación sanitaria al paciente y al familiar es fundamental para el cumplimiento de las indicaciones en el posoperatorio, de manera que haya una recuperación exitosa. Sin embargo, se necesita adecuada dotación del personal de enfermería y comunicación asertiva entre el equipo de salud y la familia(AU)

Introduction: Nurse-patient interaction during the preoperative period allows intraoperative and postoperative coping, but is not done out of idleness or work overload. Objective: To describe the reflections about nurse-patient interaction during the preoperative period in a public hospital. Methods: Descriptive and qualitative research carried out at Belén Hospital in Lambayeque, Peru, during April and May 2020. The study population consisted of twenty nurses experienced in preoperative care. Nonprobabilistic sampling was done, using the "snowball" technique, permitting to identify eight nurses and thus reach saturation. The data were collected with a semistructured interview by telephone call and processed by content analysis. Results: Three categories emerged: a) indispensable elements for interaction: empathy and therapeutic communication; b) interaction to value and care for the emotional, spiritual and physical dimensions of the patient in the preoperative period; and c) benefits of interaction for recovery in the postoperative period based on patient and family education. Conclusions: Nurse-patient interaction starts through the empathy felt by the nurse and the trust that thus produced in the patient, which favors therapeutic communication, essential to value and care for the emotional, spiritual and physical needs prior to surgery. Likewise, health education to the patient and family is essential to comply with postoperative indications, in view of a successful recovery. However, an adequate nursing staff and assertive communication between the health care team and the family are needed(AU)

Beneficios del preoperatorio con recuperación acelerada en pacientes operados de colon por cirugía electiva / Preoperative Benefits with Accelerated Recovery on Patients Operated on for Colon Cancer by Elective Surgery

Introducción: Con la introducción del programa de recuperación acelerada en el servicio de Cirugía General del Hospital Militar de Ejército "Dr. Mario Muñoz Monroy" han ocurrido cambios en la atención perioperatoria del paciente con cirugía electiva para el cáncer de colon. Es de vital importancia conocer sus beneficios en relación al procedimiento tradicional desde que se decide la intervención quirúrgica. Objetivo: Evaluar los beneficios de la recuperación acelerada en pacientes operados de colon por cirugía electiva. Métodos: Se realizó un estudio analítico de caso y control durante el período de enero de 2015 a diciembre de 2019. El grupo de casos cumplió con 12 acciones perioperatorias definidas por el programa de recuperación acelerada y el de control siguió el procedimiento tradicional. Se realizó análisis bivariable de Chi cuadrado y Odds Ratio con intervalo de confianza del 95 por ciento. Resultados: Con la implementación del programa de recuperación acelerada desde el preoperatorio, los pacientes llegaron a la cirugía con adecuada capacidad funcional y compensación de sus comorbilidades. Esta conducta favoreció la evolución posoperatoria, redujo las complicaciones en un 33 por ciento Odds Ratio de 0,05 y la estadía hospitalaria en 5,67 días con Odds Ratio de 2[10,4-5,1]. Conclusiones: Los pacientes con el procedimiento de recuperación acelerada en su preoperatorio recibieron beneficios en relación a reducir el estrés quirúrgico, mayores reservas fisiológicas y mejor recuperación posoperatoria. La estadía hospitalaria está asociada significativamente a la edad de los pacientes, las comorbilidades y número de estas(AU)

Introduction: With the introduction of the accelerated recovery program in the general surgery service of Dr. Mario Muñoz Monroy Military Hospital of the Army (Matanzas, Cuba), changes have occurred in the perioperative care of the patient with elective surgery for colon cancer. It is of vital importance to know its benefits with respect to the traditional procedure from the moment the surgical intervention is decided. Objective: To assess the benefits of accelerated recovery in patients undergoing elective colon surgery. Methods: An analytical case-control study was carried out during the period from January 2015 to December 2019. The case group completed 12 perioperative actions defined by the accelerated recovery program, while the control group followed the traditional procedure. A bivariate analysis of chi-square and odds ratio (OR) with 95 percent confidence interval was performed. Results: With the implementation of the accelerated recovery program from the preoperative period, patients arrived at surgery with adequate functional capacity and compensation of their comorbidities. This behavior favored postoperative evolution, reduced complications by 33 percent (OR: 0.05) and hospital stay by 5.67 days (OR: 2) [10.4-5.1]. Conclusions: With the accelerated recovery procedure in their preoperative period, patients received benefits associated with reduced surgical stress, greater physiological reserves and better postoperative recovery. Hospital stay is significantly associated with patient age, comorbidities and number of comorbidities(AU)

Paciente hemofílico com doença arterial coronariana em pré-operatório de transplante de fígado / Patient with hemophilia and coronary artery disease in the preoperative period of liver transplantation

As hemofilias A e B, apesar de raras, são os distúrbios de coagulação que mais ocorrem em homens. Com o advento das profilaxias e a melhoria da terapia de reposição do fator de coagulação, pacientes com hemofilia têm atingido expectativa de vida semelhante à da população geral, levando ao aumento dos fatores de risco cardiovasculares e à consequente doença aterosclerótica coronariana. A necessidade de terapia antiplaquetária e anticoagulante nesses pacientes aumenta ainda mais a tendência a sangramentos. Evidências e recomendações para esses pacientes em procedimentos como intervenção coronária percutânea são escassos na literatura.

Hemophilia A and B, although rare, are the most common clotting disorders in humans. With the advent of prophylaxis and improved clotting factor replacement therapy, patients with hemophilia have reached a life expectancy similar to that of the general population, leading to an increase in cardiovascular risk factors and consequently, coronary artery disease. The need for antiplatelet and anticoagulant therapy in these patients further increases the bleeding tendency. Evidence and recommendations for these patients in procedures such as percutaneous coronary intervention are scarce in the literature.

Duración del dolor preoperatorio y retorno laboral después de una microdiscectomía lumbar en un Hospital del Seguro Social Lima, Perú / Duration of preoperative pain and return to work after lumbar microdiscectomy in a Social Security Hspital Lima, Peru

Objetivo: Determinar si existe relación significativa entre la duración del dolor preoperatorio y el tiempo para el retorno laboral en pacientes operados de hernia discal lumbar. El estudio: Estudio retrospectivo, transversal y analítico. Pacientes operados de hernia discal lumbar por microdiscectomía. La "duración del dolor preoperatorio" se integró en dos grupos: >6 y ≤6 meses de dolor hasta el momento de la cirugía. "Retorno laboral" con punto de corte 3 meses. Se utilizó SPSS, se calculó el OR. Hallazgos: Se analizó 68 pacientes. 55,9% se operaron luego de 6 meses de iniciado los síntomas, 30,9% no retornaron al trabajo a los 3 meses después de la cirugía. El OR para el no retorno al trabajo a los 3 meses fue de 3.65 (IC95%:1.14­11.5 p:0,034). Conclusiones: La duración del dolor preoperatorio y el tiempo para el retorno laboral en pacientes operados con hernia discal lumbar, tienen una relación estadísticamente significativa.

Objetive:To determine if there is a significant relationship between the duration of preoperative pain and the time to return to work in patients undergoing surgery for lumbar disc herniation. : Retrospective, The studycross-sectional and analytical study. Patients undergoing microdiscectomy due to lumbar disc herniation. The duration of preoperative pain was divided into two groups: >6 and ≤ 6 months of pain until the time of surgery. "Return to work" with a cutoff point of 3 months. SPSS program was used, OR was calculated. Findings: 68 patients were analyzed. 55.9% were operated after 6 months of symptoms, 30.9% did not return to work at 3 months after surgery. The OR for "non-return to work at 3 months" group was 3.65 (95% CI:1.14-11.5 p:0.034). Conclusions: The duration of preoperative pain and the time to return to work, in patients undergoing surgery for lumbar disc herniation, have a statistically significant relationship

Hernia incisional y pérdida de dominio con neumoperitoneo progresivo preoperatorio más separacion de componentes. Un reporte de caso / Progressive preoperative pneumoperitoneum and components separation in incisional hernia with loss of domain. A case study report

Introducción: Una hernia con pérdida de dominio tiene un contenido de saco herniario de 50% o más del contenido de la cavidad abdominal, que conlleva a efectos locales y sistémicos. Reporte de Caso: Presentamos el caso de una paciente con hernia incisional y pérdida de dominio de 30 años de evolución, quien fue sometida a neumoperitoneo preoperatorio y durante acto quirúrgico, para evitar el cierre del defecto herniario con tensión, se realizó separación de componentes. Conclusión: El neumoperitoneo progresivo preoperatorio es un método recomendable en el manejo de pacientes con hernias gigantes y pérdida de dominio, porque es de bajo costo, seguro, fácil de realizar y evita las posibles complicaciones a las que el cierre del defecto con tensión conlleva.

Background:Ahernia with loss of domain has a hernia sac content of 50% or more than the content of the abdominal cavity, which leads to local and systemic effects. The case of a patient with an incisional hernia Report case: with loss of domain and 30 years of evolution is presented, she underwent preoperative pneumoperitoneum and during surgery, anterior component separation was performed to avoid tension in the closure of the hernia defect. Conclusion:Preoperative progressive neumoperitoneum is a recommended method in the management of patients with giant hernias and loss of domain, because it is low cost, safe and easy to perform and avoids the possible complications that the closure of the defect with tension entails